本期覆盖 2026-08-21 至 2026-08-28，共收录高置信度文章 24 篇，边缘相关 4 篇，待人工核实 1 篇。

本周亮点

亮点 1：The Labrador Sea as a conduit for AMOC lower-limb transport anomalies on multiple timescales

期刊：Nature Communications ｜ DOI：https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-77271-z

English summary

This study reveals that transport anomalies originating in the Irminger and Iceland basins, rather than the Labrador Sea itself, exert the strongest downstream influence on the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) lower limb. Using observations and models, the authors show that the Labrador Sea acts as a conduit for these anomalies on multiple timescales. This challenges the traditional view of the Labrador Sea as the primary driver of AMOC variability, offering new insights into subpolar ocean dynamics.

中文解读

该研究发现，来自伊尔明格海和冰岛海盆的输运异常对北大西洋经向翻转环流（AMOC）下支的下游影响最强，而非拉布拉多海本身。通过观测和模型，作者表明拉布拉多海在多个时间尺度上充当这些异常的通道。这一发现挑战了拉布拉多海是AMOC变率主要驱动力的传统观点，为副极地海洋动力学提供了新见解。

亮点 2：Persistent Warming and Reduced Freshening of the Abyssal Southern Ocean

期刊：JGR: Oceans ｜ DOI：https://doi.org/10.1029/2025jc023688

English summary

This study combines observations (1985–2024) with model simulations to quantify ongoing and projected changes in the abyssal Southern Ocean. The authors find persistent warming and reduced freshening below 3000 m depth, with isopycnals descending at a rate of -95 m per decade. These changes are linked to the thinning and warming of Antarctic Bottom Water, with implications for global sea level rise and ocean circulation. The study provides a comprehensive assessment of abyssal ocean variability and its future trajectory.

中文解读

该研究结合观测（1985-2024）和模型模拟，量化了南大洋深海持续变暖和淡化减缓的变化。作者发现3000米以下等密面以每十年-95米的速度下降，这些变化与南极底层水的变薄和变暖有关，对全球海平面上升和海洋环流具有重要影响。该研究提供了对深海海洋变率及其未来轨迹的全面评估。

文章详览

1. JPO — Seasonal Response of the Arctic Sea Ice to Meltwater Runoff from the Greenland Ice Sheet

  • 作者：Xi Liang, Kang Yang, Chengyan Liu, Xichen Li, Ruibo Lei, Xiangyu Wu, Zhongxiang Tian, Fu Zhao, Ming Li, Na Liu, Jiaying Huang, Ye Yuan
  • 发表日期：2026-08-27
  • DOI：https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-26-0025.1

Abstract

Abstract Meltwater runoff from the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) has been increasing since the early 1990s, which has exerted widespread influences on local and remote systems. Most previous studies have emphasized the influences of the GrIS meltwater runoff on global climate, the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, and sea level rise. In this study, we focus on the seasonal response of the Arctic sea ice to the GrIS meltwater runoff in a regional high-resolution Arctic ocean–sea ice coupled model. It is found that the GrIS meltwater runoff induces a south expansion of wintertime sea ice extent in the Labrador Sea. The GrIS meltwater runoff leads to more sea ice in autumn and less sea ice in spring–summer in the Nordic Seas. In the central Arctic Ocean deep basin area, the GrIS meltwater runoff causes less sea ice area in the Canadian Basin and more sea ice area in the Eurasian and Makarov Basins in summer, while less sea ice volume in the Canadian Basin annually and more sea ice volume in the Eurasian and Makarov Basins during winter–summer. Studies have suggested that the GrIS meltwater runoff is projected to increase under the Arctic Amplification, this work indicates that the GrIS meltwater runoff at the southern Greenland coast could impact the Canadian Basin sea ice quickly and strongly in the future.

中文摘要

摘要 自20世纪90年代初以来，格陵兰冰盖（GrIS）的融水径流持续增加，对局地和远程系统产生了广泛影响。以往研究多强调格陵兰冰盖融水径流对全球气候、大西洋经向翻转环流及海平面上升的影响。本研究则聚焦于区域高分辨率北极海洋-海冰耦合模型中，格陵兰冰盖融水径流对北极海冰的季节性响应。研究发现，格陵兰冰盖融水径流导致拉布拉多海冬季海冰范围向南扩展。在挪威海，格陵兰冰盖融水径流使得秋季海冰增多，而春夏季海冰减少。在北极中央深海盆地地区，格陵兰冰盖融水径流导致夏季加拿大盆地海冰面积减少，而欧亚盆地和马卡罗夫盆地海冰面积增加；同时，加拿大盆地海冰体积全年减少，而欧亚盆地和马卡罗夫盆地在冬季至夏季期间海冰体积增加。研究表明，在北极放大效应下，格陵兰冰盖融水径流预计将增加，本工作表明，未来格陵兰冰盖南海岸的融水径流可能迅速且强烈地影响加拿大盆地的海冰。

2. JPO — A Field Study of Breaking Waves in Developing Seas

  • 作者：Sagi Knobler, Jesus Ruiz‐Plancarte, Ryan Yamaguchi, Qing Wang, Milan Curcic, William M. Drennan, Hans C. Graber, Brian K. Haus, David G. Ortiz-Suslow
  • 发表日期：2026-08-26
  • DOI：https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-26-0068.1

Abstract

Abstract Breaking waves are the dominant pathway by which energy is dissipated at the ocean surface, yet their definition, dynamics, and energetics remain subjects of ongoing debate. Here, we present results from a six-week field campaign during the Coastal Land–Air–Sea Interaction project, where wave breaking was detected across scales using an array of Air–Sea Interaction Spar buoys. Application of the wavelet-based Liberzon phase-discontinuity method identified more than 3.2 million wave crests and over 269,000 breaking events from high-frequency wave-wire measurements. From these elevation records, we developed an observation-constrained, crest-resolved parameterized framework for estimating breaking-induced energy dissipation. We introduce a breaking-strength parameterization consistent with the inertial scaling in terms of locally measured nonlinear steepness and consistent with inertial scaling after application of a constant empirical correction. Breaking fraction and associated dissipation depend strongly on wind forcing, wave age, and effective fetch, deviating from traditional whitecap-coverage power-law formulations. During active wind–wave coupling, breaking accounts for approximately 20–50% of the local atmospheric reference energy flux, underscoring its dynamical significance. Together, these results provide a physically grounded, observation-constrained, and crest-resolved picture of breaking-wave energetics from small-scale spilling events to larger, energetic whitecaps—and offer new constraints for improving dissipation schemes in spectral wave models under developing sea conditions.

中文摘要

摘要 破碎波是海洋表面能量耗散的主要途径，然而其定义、动力学机制及能量学特征仍是持续争论的课题。本文展示了沿海陆-气-海相互作用项目中为期六周的现场观测结果，通过布设一组海-气相互作用浮标阵列，在不同尺度上检测波浪破碎事件。应用基于小波的Liberzon相位不连续方法，从高频波高计测量数据中识别出超过320万个波峰和269,000余次破碎事件。基于这些波面高度记录，我们开发了一个受观测约束、以波峰为解析单元的参数化框架，用于估算破碎引起的能量耗散。我们提出了一种破碎强度参数化方案，该方案在局部非线性陡度测量基础上与惯性尺度化一致，并在应用恒定经验修正后仍保持与惯性尺度化的一致性。破碎比例及相关能量耗散强烈依赖于风应力、波龄和有效风区长度，偏离了传统白冠覆盖率幂律公式。在活跃的风-浪耦合条件下，破碎约占局地大气参考能量通量的20%–50%，凸显了其动力学重要性。综合而言，这些结果提供了从微小溢破碎到较大高能白冠的、基于物理原理、受观测约束且以波峰为解析单元的破碎波能量学图景，并为改进发展海况条件下谱波模式中的耗散方案提供了新的约束条件。

3. JPO — The Labrador boundary current system in summer and fall: mean, variability and influence on cross-shelf exchange

Abstract

Abstract The Labrador boundary current system significantly impacts freshwater pathways and upper-ocean stratification in the subpolar North Atlantic, which in turn influences the state of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. In this study we analyze an extensive collection of shipboard hydrographic and velocity sections across the Labrador shelf and slope, occupied in the summer and fall seasons since 1940 along the Seal Island transect. The mean sections provide a quantitative view of the boundary current system and its velocity structure, consisting of the Labrador Coastal Current (LCC), the Labrador Current (LC), and a permanent recirculation associated with Hamilton Bank situated between the two currents. The LCC, which flows adjacent to the coast, is strongly influenced by local wind forcing. It has exhibited increasing volume and freshwater transports since around 2010, while its baroclinic component has progressively strengthened since the early 1970s, largely influenced by increased river runoff from northern Canada. By contrast, the LC, situated at the shelfbreak, is more closely linked to larger scale atmospheric patterns – captured by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) – rather than local winds. Over the past decade the LC has been in a strengthened regime, associated with a positive phase of the NAO, with enhanced equatorward freshwater transport. On the mid-shelf, the recirculation and its associated mixing facilitate a net offshore flux of freshwater.

中文摘要

摘要 拉布拉多边界流系统对亚极地北大西洋的淡水路径和上层海洋层结具有显著影响，进而影响大西洋经向翻转环流的状态。本研究分析了自1940年以来在夏季和秋季沿锡尔岛断面观测的大量船载水文和流速数据。平均断面提供了边界流系统及其速度结构的定量视图，该系统包括拉布拉多沿岸流（LCC）、拉布拉多流（LC）以及位于两流之间与汉密尔顿浅滩相关的永久性回流。紧邻海岸流动的LCC受局地风强迫的强烈影响，自2010年左右以来其体积和淡水输运量呈增加趋势，而其斜压分量自1970年代初以来逐渐增强，主要受加拿大北部河流径流增加的影响。相比之下，位于陆架坡折处的LC与更大尺度的大气环流模式（以北大西洋涛动（NAO）为代表）联系更为紧密，而非局地风。在过去十年中，LC处于增强状态，与NAO正位相相关，并伴随向赤道方向的淡水输运增强。在陆架中部，回流及其相关的混合过程促进了淡水的净离岸通量。

4. Ocean Modelling — Wave-driven circulation and transport in a tropical barrier reef system in the western Caribbean Sea with a phase-resolving model

Abstract

This study investigates wave-driven circulation and transport in a tropical barrier reef system in the western Caribbean Sea using a nested modeling framework. Realistic offshore wave conditions are downscaled with a basin-scale phase-averaged (SWAN) model and used to force a high-resolution, phase-resolving, non-hydrostatic model (SWASH). The phase-resolving simulations explicitly capture the nonlinear wave transformation, wave breaking, and the resulting setup and wave–current interactions from the fore-reef to the lagoon. The depth-averaged momentum balance analysis shows that cross- and alongshore terms are of similar magnitude and are primarily governed by the radiation stress gradients, pressure gradients, and bottom friction. Alongshore momentum and circulation arise from the combined effects of wave incidence angle, local changes in bathymetry alongshore, and spatial variations in setup. The circulation patterns are intrinsically two-dimensional, with energetic circulation cells and water exchanges with the open sea occurring through gaps in the reef crest. Transport timescale estimates show rapid flushing over the reef flat and much slower renewal in the lagoon, highlighting the critical role of geomorphic complexity and wave conditions in controlling water retention and potential exposure to stressors in reef systems.

中文摘要

本研究采用嵌套建模框架，探讨了加勒比海西部一个热带堡礁系统中的波浪驱动环流与输运过程。通过盆地尺度相位平均模型（SWAN）对实际近海波浪条件进行降尺度处理，并将其作为高分辨率、相位解析、非静力模型（SWASH）的驱动力。相位解析模拟显式捕捉了从礁前到泻湖的非线性波浪变形、波浪破碎及其引起的增水和波流相互作用。深度平均动量平衡分析表明，横向和沿岸项量级相当，主要由辐射应力梯度、压力梯度和底摩擦控制。沿岸动量和环流源于波浪入射角、沿岸水深局部变化以及增水空间差异的综合效应。环流模式本质上是二维的，具有高能环流单元，并通过礁脊缺口与开阔海域进行水体交换。输运时间尺度估算显示，礁坪上冲刷迅速，而泻湖内更新缓慢，突显了地貌复杂性和波浪条件在控制礁系统水体滞留及潜在胁迫暴露中的关键作用。

5. JGR: Oceans — Persistent Warming and Reduced Freshening of the Abyssal Southern Ocean

Abstract

Abstract Antarctic Bottom Water has thinned, warmed, freshened, and spread more slowly into the global ocean since 1970. Yet, the physical drivers of these changes and their broader implications remain incompletely understood. Here we combine up‐to‐date observations (1985–2024) with ocean model simulations extending to 2050 to quantify ongoing and projected abyssal ocean changes. Between 1985 and 2024 and below 3,000 m depth, isopycnals descended at a rate of −95 5 m . The water that previously occupied these depths has been replaced by warmer overlying layers resulting in warming of 0.02 0.02 C . Freshening of −0.002 0.003 g also occurred, due to meltwater‐driven changes in the continental shelf source waters. Under continued glacial melt, model projections indicate that Antarctic Bottom Water thinning and abyssal Southern Ocean warming will persist, while abyssal freshening is expected to slow and eventually reverse as the shelf‐to‐abyss connection weakens. Observations indicate this transition is already underway. These results suggest that ongoing meltwater input is already altering long‐term abyssal salinity trends, while continued warming of the deep Southern Ocean could further enhance its contribution to regional sea level rise.

中文摘要

摘要原文：

南极底层水自1970年以来已变薄、变暖、变淡，并以更缓慢的速度扩散至全球海洋。然而，这些变化的物理驱动因素及其更广泛的影响仍未得到充分理解。本文结合最新观测数据（1985–2024年）与延伸至2050年的海洋模式模拟，量化当前及未来预测的深海海洋变化。在1985年至2024年间，3000米深度以下等密度面以−95±5米的速度下沉。先前占据这些深度的水体已被更温暖的上层水团替代，导致升温0.02±0.02摄氏度。同时，由于融水驱动的陆架源水变化，出现了−0.002±0.003克/千克的淡化现象。在冰川持续融化的背景下，模式预测表明南极底层水变薄和南大洋深海变暖将持续，而深海淡化预计将减缓并最终逆转，因为陆架至深渊的连接减弱。观测表明这一转变已在发生。这些结果表明，持续的融水输入已在改变长期深海盐度趋势，而南大洋深海的持续变暖可能进一步增强其对区域海平面上升的贡献。

6. JGR: Oceans — High‐Resolution Assessment of SST Summer Cycle Changes in the Mediterranean Sea (1982–2024): A Multi‐Scale Phenological Analysis

Abstract

Abstract Accelerated ocean warming from greenhouse gas emissions is altering marine thermal cycles globally. While ocean warming is well documented, its impacts on Sea Surface Temperature (SST) seasonal cycles remain less understood, particularly in the Mediterranean Sea. Summer SST exhibits the highest warming trends, yet summer cycle dynamics are poorly characterized. Understanding these changes is critical to anticipate impacts on climate processes and marine ecosystems. In this study, 43 years (1982–2024) of daily SST data across the Mediterranean Basin were analyzed, with a focus on the summer period. Key phenological metrics were extracted: onset, end, duration, phase (defined as the timing of maximum SST in the seasonal cycle maximum), SST at onset/end, maximum SST, and amplitude. Results revealed statistically significant shifts. Start of season advanced significantly ( p < 0.05) at −2.01 ± 1.76 days decade −1 , end delayed +3.27 ± 2.65 days decade −1 ( p < 0.05), extending Summer by 4.24 ± 3.29 days decade −1 ( p < 0.05), which corresponds to ∼17.80 ± 13.81 days. Time of maximal SST shows no significant basin‐scale trends, although significant regional advances occurred within a very limited part of the study area. Annual cycle amplitude increased by +0.40 ± 0.36°C in 40 years ( p < 0.01) over the entire Mediterranean Sea. Strong correlations emerged between warming SST and phenological shifts, directly linking temperature increase to the changes occurring in the summer SST cycle. By explicitly quantifying SST seasonal cycles, this study provides critical baselines for assessing ecosystem responses to accelerated seasonal changes within the warming Mediterranean.

中文摘要

摘要 温室气体排放导致的海洋加速增暖正在全球范围内改变海洋热循环。尽管海洋增暖已有充分记录，但其对海表温度（SST）季节循环的影响仍了解不足，尤其是在地中海区域。夏季SST表现出最高的增暖趋势，但夏季循环动态特征尚未得到充分刻画。理解这些变化对于预测气候过程和海洋生态系统的影响至关重要。本研究分析了地中海盆地1982–2024年间43年的每日SST数据，重点关注夏季时段。提取了关键物候指标：开始时间、结束时间、持续时间、相位（定义为季节循环中SST最大值出现的时间）、开始/结束时的SST、最大SST及振幅。结果显示存在统计上显著的变化。季节开始时间显著提前（p < 0.05），速率为−2.01 ± 1.76天/十年；结束时间显著推迟（p < 0.05），速率为+3.27 ± 2.65天/十年，从而使夏季延长了4.24 ± 3.29天/十年（p < 0.05），相当于约17.80 ± 13.81天。SST最大值出现时间在盆地尺度上无显著趋势，尽管在研究区域内非常有限的部分出现了显著的区域性提前。整个地中海海域的年循环振幅在40年间增加了+0.40 ± 0.36°C（p < 0.01）。SST增暖与物候变化之间呈现出强相关性，直接将温度升高与夏季SST循环发生的变化联系起来。通过明确量化SST季节循环，本研究为评估生态系统对地中海增暖背景下加速季节变化的响应提供了关键基线。

7. JGR: Oceans — The Pivotal Role of Subsurface Cold Water in the Secondary Cooling Phase in Multi‐Year La Niña Events

Abstract

Abstract Composite analysis for single‐year La Niña (SL) events and multi‐year La Niña (ML) events of the GODAS data set since 1980s are conducted in this study. Compared to SL events, the progress of sea surface temperature in ML events shows the most significant differences in the second half of the persistence year (year 01). Analysis of surface and subsurface temperature anomalies reveals that subsurface exhibits strong negative temperature anomalies in ML events. Vertical profiles of temperature indicate that this colder water primarily originates from the Southern Hemisphere. An oblique section further clarifies the subsurface intrusion process from the southeast Pacific. An adjusted flux method is used to quantitatively analyze the heat transport during the secondary cooling phase, ML events exhibit negative net heat transport to the key ocean domain, in stark contrast to the positive net heat transport observed in SL events during the same period. Among all these boundaries, the eastern and bottom boundaries contribute the most, accounting for 87.1% of the total cooling transport, which aligns well with the subsurface cold water intrusion from the southeast Pacific. Further analysis reveals that, the primary contributor to the cold transport difference is the advection of mean zonal temperature difference by anomalous zonal currents at the eastern interface. As for the bottom boundary, both the advection of anomalous temperature difference by mean flow and the advection of mean temperature difference by anomalous flow exert crucial effects.

中文摘要

摘要 本文对自20世纪80年代以来GODAS数据集中的单年拉尼娜（SL）事件和多年拉尼娜（ML）事件进行了合成分析。与SL事件相比，ML事件中海表温度的演变过程在持续期第二年（年份01）的后半段表现出最显著的差异。对表层和次表层温度异常的分析表明，ML事件中次表层存在强烈的负温度异常。温度垂直剖面显示，这些较冷的水体主要源自南半球。斜向剖面进一步阐明了来自东南太平洋的次表层入侵过程。采用调整通量法对二次冷却阶段的热输送进行定量分析，结果显示ML事件对关键海洋区域表现为负净热输送，与同期SL事件观测到的正净热输送形成鲜明对比。在所有边界中，东边界和底边界的贡献最大，占总冷却输送的87.1%，这与来自东南太平洋的次表层冷水入侵高度吻合。进一步分析表明，冷输送差异的主要贡献者是东边界处异常纬向流对平均纬向温度差的平流作用。至于底边界，平均流对异常温度差的平流和异常流对平均温度差的平流均发挥重要作用。

8. JGR: Oceans — Seasonal to Multi‐Year Variability of Upwelling Along Southwest Greenland and the Role of Atmospheric Circulation

Abstract

Abstract Upwelling along southwest Greenland plays an important role in modulating shelf‐basin exchange and influencing deep convection in the Labrador Sea. Here we investigate its seasonal and interannual variability using the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program West Greenland mooring observations and atmospheric reanalysis fields. Over the decade 2014–2024 we identified 142 upwelling events. During this time the number of events increased, primarily due to summer events, whereas the mean duration of events decreased for the first 7 years and then rebounded, largely reflecting winter variability. The latter is consistent with the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), whereas the relationship between the number of summer events and the summer NAO is counterintuitive. Two distinct atmospheric patterns were identified. Most events are associated with forward Greenland tip jets, whereby low‐pressure systems deepen in the vicinity of southeast Greenland resulting in enhanced northwesterly winds along southwest Greenland. In contrast, a large number of the summer events are shown to be related to an alternative atmospheric scenario characterized by a weak, distant low‐pressure system located south of Iceland coexisting with a high‐pressure system over the Labrador Sea. The tracks of these storms are typical of low‐NAO conditions, thus explaining the above‐noted counterintuitive relationship. Using a proxy we demonstrate that there was a regime shift in 1990/91 after which this type of summer upwelling became more common. Our results highlight a previously underappreciated role of high‐pressure systems in driving upwelling variability and provide new insights into the factors controlling upwelling along southwest Greenland.

中文摘要

摘要 沿格陵兰岛西南部的上升流在调节陆架-海盆交换及影响拉布拉多海深对流中发挥着重要作用。本文利用“亚极地北大西洋翻转计划”西格陵兰锚系观测数据及大气再分析资料，研究了该上升流的季节和年际变化。在2014—2024年的十年间，我们识别出142次上升流事件。在此期间，事件数量有所增加，主要归因于夏季事件增多，而事件平均持续时间在前7年呈下降趋势，随后回升，这主要反映了冬季变率。后者与冬季北大西洋涛动（NAO）一致，而夏季事件数量与夏季NAO之间的关系则与直觉相悖。我们识别出两种不同的大气环流型。大多数事件与格陵兰前端急流相关，即低压系统在格陵兰岛东南部附近加深，导致沿格陵兰岛西南部的西北风增强。相比之下，大量夏季事件被证明与另一种大气情景有关，其特征是冰岛南部存在一个弱而远的低压系统，同时拉布拉多海上空伴有高压系统。这些风暴的路径典型对应于低NAO条件，从而解释了上述反直觉关系。利用一个代理指标，我们证明1990/91年发生了气候态转变，此后此类夏季上升流变得更加常见。我们的结果凸显了高压系统在驱动上升流变率中先前未被充分认识的作用，并为控制格陵兰岛西南部上升流的因素提供了新见解。

9. JGR: Oceans — The Role of Wave‐Induced Stress and Drag Coefficients in Offshore Wind Power Production

  • 作者：Nícolas de Assis Bose, Leandro Farina, Vanessa de Almeida Dantas, Luciano André Cruz Bezerra, Leonardo de Lima Oliveira, Alessandro Renê Souza do Espírito Santos, Ana Cleide Bezerra Amorim, Samira de Azevedo Santos Emiliavaca, Maria de Fátima Alves de Matos, Raniere Rodrigues Melo de Lima, Bryan Thomas Marcondes Bonatto, Antonio Marcos de Medeiros
  • 发表日期：2026-08-28
  • DOI：https://doi.org/10.1029/2025jc023741

Abstract

Abstract This study investigates wind‐wave interactions on offshore wind energy production by comparing a coupled atmosphere‐wave model (WRF‐SWAN) with a stand‐alone atmospheric model (WRF). Using statistical metrics and LiDAR wind measurements from Porto‐Ilha, Brazil, we evaluate the model’s ability to capture wind variability and air‐sea momentum flux at an offshore wind farm site. The coupled WRF‐SWAN outperforms the stand‐alone WRF, particularly in representing wind‐wave dynamics and sea surface roughness. The BEM is a physically distinct and under‐explored air–sea interaction domain, where persistent trade winds coexist with long‐period North Atlantic swell, producing a bimodal wind–wave regime. Consistent with established observational and modeling evidence, under low wind speeds and strong swell, wave‐induced stress acts upward, transferring momentum from the ocean surface to the atmosphere and locally enhancing wind speeds. This momentum transfer depends on wind‐wave alignment, positive when aligned and negative when opposed. Corroborating established theory and observations, wave growth under moderate to strong winds ( m ) increases sea surface roughness and drag coefficient , leading to wind speed reductions at hub height. In swell‐dominated environments, when the wind follows the swell, a reduction in is observed, resulting in a positive bias in wind speed profiles. At the OWF site, WRF–SWAN configuration estimates up to 6% higher energy production than the stand‐alone WRF, emphasizing the importance of accurately representing wave‐induced stress and drag coefficients. These results highlight the potential of coupled atmosphere‐wave modeling to enhance offshore wind resource assessments, particularly in complex sea states off Brazil’s coast.

中文摘要

摘要 本研究通过对比耦合大气-波浪模型（WRF-SWAN）与独立大气模型（WRF），探讨了风-浪相互作用对海上风能生产的影响。利用统计指标和来自巴西Porto-Ilha的LiDAR风测量数据，我们评估了模型在海上风电场站点捕捉风变率和海气动量通量的能力。耦合的WRF-SWAN模型优于独立WRF模型，尤其在表征风-浪动力学和海面粗糙度方面表现突出。巴西东北部（BEM）是一个物理特性独特且研究不足的海气相互作用区域，持续的信风与长周期北大西洋涌浪共存，形成双峰风-浪状态。与既有的观测和建模证据一致，在低风速和强涌浪条件下，波浪诱导应力向上作用，将动量从海洋表面传递至大气，从而局部增强风速。这种动量传递取决于风-浪对齐程度，对齐时为正，相反时为负。验证既有理论和观测结果，在中等到强风条件下波浪增长（米）增加了海面粗糙度和拖曳系数，导致轮毂高度处风速降低。在涌浪主导的环境中，当风向与涌浪方向一致时，观测到拖曳系数减小，导致风速廓线出现正偏差。在海上风电场站点，WRF-SWAN配置估算的能源产量比独立WRF高出达6%，强调了准确表征波浪诱导应力和拖曳系数的重要性。这些结果凸显了耦合大气-波浪建模在增强海上风资源评估方面的潜力，尤其是在巴西海岸复杂的海况条件下。

10. JC — The Response of Tropical Land-Ocean Precipitation Partitioning to SST and CO2 Increase in Global Storm-Resolving Simulations

Abstract

Abstract The tropical land-ocean precipitation partitioning is skewed toward the land. This study assesses how CO 2 increase and uniform sea surface temperature increase affect this partitioning. We analyze 14-year global simulations conducted with the ICON model at 10-km horizontal grid spacing, at which convection is simulated explicitly. ICON’s precipitation partitioning shows better agreement with observations than the AMIP6 ensemble. Under 4×CO 2 , precipitation partitioning increases, favoring land precipitation, whereas it decreases upon +4K SSTs. We develop a diagnostic framework based on the land’s atmospheric energy and moisture budgets to decompose the response of tropical precipitation partitioning into contributions from land atmospheric heating, land circulation efficiency, land moisture cycling, and tropical radiative cooling. In ICON and the AMIP6 ensemble, the land atmospheric heating is identified as the primary controlling factor for changes in precipitation partitioning. Changes in atmospheric heating drive circulation adjustments that modulate land precipitation through changes in land moisture convergence. The response of the controlling factors is similar in ICON and in the AMIP6 ensemble, apart from two qualitative differences. First, the controlling factors are generally more stable toward the imposed forcings in ICON compared to the AMIP6 ensemble. Second, the opposing responses in precipitation partitioning upon CO 2 forcing and equivalent uniform SST increase are of virtually equal magnitude in ICON, whereas in AMIP6 precipitation partitioning responds more strongly to the uniform SST increase. These findings suggest that coarse-resolution models may underestimate the land hydrological sensitivity relative to the total tropical hydrological sensitivity.

中文摘要

摘要 热带陆地与海洋降水分配偏向于陆地。本研究评估了CO₂增加和均匀海表温度增加如何影响这一分配。我们分析了使用ICON模式在10公里水平网格间距下进行的14年全球模拟，其中对流被显式模拟。ICON的降水分配与观测的一致性优于AMIP6集合。在4×CO₂条件下，降水分配增加，有利于陆地降水，而在+4K海表温度下则减少。我们基于陆地的大气能量和水分收支开发了一个诊断框架，将热带降水分配的变化分解为陆地大气加热、陆地环流效率、陆地水分循环和热带辐射冷却的贡献。在ICON和AMIP6集合中，陆地大气加热被确定为降水分配变化的主要控制因素。大气加热的变化驱动环流调整，通过陆地水分辐合的变化调节陆地降水。控制因素的响应在ICON和AMIP6集合中相似，但存在两个定性差异。首先，与AMIP6集合相比，ICON中控制因素对外部强迫的响应通常更为稳定。其次，在ICON中，CO₂强迫和等效均匀海表温度增加引起的降水分配相反响应几乎幅度相等，而在AMIP6中，降水分配对均匀海表温度增加的响应更强。这些发现表明，粗分辨率模式可能低估了陆地水文敏感性相对于总热带水文敏感性的程度。

11. JC — South America Drought as a Precursor to Tropical Pacific Sea Surface Temperature Cooling

Abstract

Abstract South America has experienced notable drought conditions over recent decades. Concurrently, the adjacent tropical eastern Pacific has exhibited cooling anomalies in sea surface temperature (SST). Here, through observational analyses and climate model simulations, we reveal that terrestrial drought in central South America (CSA) acts as an emerging precursor to SST cooling in the tropical central-eastern Pacific (TCEP). Our statistical analysis identifies a robust lagged relationship whereby anomalous winter (December–February) TCEP SST cooling systematically follows reduced spring (March–May) CSA soil moisture. Employing diagnostic analyses of atmospheric and oceanic processes together with a hierarchy of climate models—including soil moisture sensitivity experiments, linear baroclinic model simulations, and fully coupled Earth system model experiments—we demonstrate a coherent mechanistic pathway in which reduced soil moisture in CSA triggers a subtropical-to-equatorial meridional precipitation dipole that disrupts Pacific zonal circulation, strengthen easterly trade winds, activates ocean–atmosphere feedbacks, and ultimately lead to cooling of TCEP SST in the subsequent winter. Our findings demonstrate a novel ocean-land-atmosphere coupling pathway modulating tropical Pacific variability, with significant implications for enhancing understanding of ocean-land-atmosphere interactions.

中文摘要

摘要 南美洲近几十年来经历了显著的干旱状况。与此同时，邻近的热带东太平洋海表温度（SST）表现出降温异常。本文通过观测分析和气候模式模拟，揭示南美洲中部（CSA）的陆地干旱是热带中东部太平洋（TCEP）海表温度降温的一个新兴前兆信号。统计分析识别出一种稳健的滞后关系，即异常的冬季（12月至2月）TCEP海表温度降温系统性地跟随春季（3月至5月）CSA土壤湿度减少之后出现。利用大气和海洋过程的诊断分析以及一系列气候模式——包括土壤湿度敏感性实验、线性斜压模式模拟和完全耦合的地球系统模式实验——我们证明了一条连贯的机制路径：CSA土壤湿度减少触发副热带至赤道的经向降水偶极子，扰乱太平洋纬向环流，增强东风信风，激活海洋-大气反馈，最终导致随后冬季TCEP海表温度降温。我们的发现揭示了一种新颖的海洋-陆地-大气耦合路径，调节热带太平洋变率，对增进理解海洋-陆地-大气相互作用具有重要意义。

12. JC — Rossby wave phase tracing and its application to the Pacific-Japan teleconnection pattern

Abstract

Abstract This study develops an extended theoretical framework of Rossby wave ray and phase tracing that simultaneously predicts wave trajectories and the spatial evolution of crests and troughs. The formulation is derived from two-dimensional spherical Rossby wave theory on a horizontally non-uniform basic flow, allowing both zonal and meridional background winds to influence wave propagation and phase evolution. The framework is applied to diagnose stationary Rossby wave behavior under idealized and realistic atmospheric conditions: Validation in idealized basic states shows that the predicted phase evolution accurately reproduces the structure of forced responses in a barotropic model. The results demonstrate the important role of mean meridional flow: it permits one-way cross-equatorial propagation across the easterlies and substantially enlarges meridional scale of waves, thereby shaping zonally elongated structures in meridionally propagating wave trains. Application to the observed boreal-summer circulation further reveals that the Pacific-Japan (PJ) teleconnection arises from coherent phase evolution of multilevel Rossby wave trains. In the lower troposphere, northward-propagating waves embedded in the monsoonal southwesterlies generate a meridionally elongated ‘− / + / −’ phase consistent with observed tripolar anomaly pattern. In the upper troposphere, southeastward-to-southwestward propagating waves form a complementary ‘+ / − / +’ pattern. These features cannot be captured within the traditional zonal-flow-only framework, underscoring the dynamical importance of mean meridional flow. Overall, our results establish wave phase evolution as a key dynamical constraint on wave propagation and teleconnection structure, offering a new pathway for diagnosing teleconnection patterns and understanding their variabilities and potential future changes.

中文摘要

摘要 本研究发展了一个扩展的罗斯贝波射线与位相追踪理论框架，该框架能够同时预测波轨迹以及波峰和波谷的空间演变。该公式基于水平非均匀基本气流上的二维球面罗斯贝波理论推导，允许纬向和经向背景风影响波传播和位相演变。该框架被应用于理想化和现实大气条件下诊断定常罗斯贝波行为：在理想化基本态中的验证表明，预测的位相演变准确再现了正压模型中强迫响应的结构。结果揭示了平均经向流的重要作用：它允许波在东风带中单向穿越赤道传播，并显著增大波的经向尺度，从而在经向传播的波列中塑造出纬向拉长的结构。应用于观测的北半球夏季环流进一步揭示，太平洋-日本（PJ）遥相关源于多层罗斯贝波列的相干位相演变。在对流层低层，嵌入季风西南气流中的北向传播波产生经向拉长的‘− / + / −’位相，与观测到的三极异常型一致。在对流层高层，东南向至西南向传播的波形成互补的‘+ / − / +’型。这些特征无法在传统的仅考虑纬向流的框架中捕捉，强调了平均经向流的动力学重要性。总体而言，我们的结果确立了波位相演变作为波传播和遥相关结构的关键动力学约束，为诊断遥相关型及其变率和潜在未来变化提供了新途径。

13. JC — Salinity-Driven Barrier Layer Dynamics in the Equatorial Pacific

Abstract

Abstract Barrier layers in the upper ocean suppress the upward entrainment of cold thermocline water, trapping heat and momentum near the surface and thereby influencing tropical air-sea interaction. However, the mechanisms governing their spatial and temporal variability are not fully understood. This study highlights the importance of salinity-induced vertical stratification in shaping the climatology and variability of the barrier layer in the Pacific Ocean on subannual and interannual timescales. Compared to observational and reanalysis data, coupled ocean-atmosphere models simulate a less eastward-extending warm pool, along with a thin barrier layer bias. This bias is linked to a saltier upper western Pacific and can be attributed to weaker precipitation and stronger easterly winds along the equator. Consistently, models with a more eastward-extending warm pool tend to exhibit a thicker barrier layer and lower salinity over the western Pacific. On interannual timescales, models agree with observational and reanalysis data that anomalous westerly winds and increased precipitation develop 10–13 months before the peak eastward shift of the warm pool eastern edge (WPEE), accompanied by an upper-ocean freshening. These anomalies peak with the WPEE shift and persist for another 9–10 months. Subannual variations exhibit more complex temporal patterns. Anomalous westerly winds and increased precipitation emerge 3–4 months prior to the WPEE peak extension and reverse rapidly one month after the peak. While models capture the timing and magnitude of wind and precipitation changes, they fail to reproduce subannual salinity variations. Improving salinity climatology and subannual variability in models remains essential for simulating barrier layers.

中文摘要

摘要原文：

上层海洋中的障碍层抑制了冷水性温跃层水的向上夹卷，将热量和动量滞留于海表附近，从而影响热带海气相互作用。然而，控制其时空变化的机制尚未完全明了。本研究强调了盐度引起的垂直层结在塑造太平洋障碍层气候态及亚年度和年际时间尺度变率中的重要性。与观测和再分析数据相比，耦合海洋-大气模式模拟的暖池向东延伸范围较小，同时存在薄障碍层偏差。这一偏差与西太平洋上层盐度偏高有关，可归因于赤道沿线较弱的降水和较强的东风。一致地，暖池向东延伸范围较大的模式往往在西太平洋表现出较厚的障碍层和较低的盐度。在年际时间尺度上，模式与观测和再分析数据一致表明，异常西风和增强的降水在暖池东边界（WPEE）东移峰值前10–13个月发展，并伴随上层海洋淡化。这些异常在WPEE位移达到峰值时达到最大，并持续另外9–10个月。亚年度变化表现出更复杂的时间模式。异常西风和增强的降水在WPEE峰值延伸前3–4个月出现，并在峰值后一个月迅速逆转。尽管模式能够捕捉风和降水变化的时机与幅度，但未能再现亚年度盐度变化。改进模式中的盐度气候态和亚年度变率对于模拟障碍层仍然至关重要。

14. GRL — Enhanced Occurrence of Springtime Extreme Precipitation Associated With Mesoscale Convective Systems Over the US by Baroclinic Annular Mode

Abstract

Abstract Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are powerful contributors to extreme precipitation, often resulting in flash floods. However, the extent to which these systems are influenced by natural modes of climate variability is still not fully understood. In this study, we found that the occurrence of extreme precipitation from MCSs nearly doubles during the intense positive phase of the Baroclinic Annular Mode (BAM). The positive phase of BAM slows down the zonal translation speed of extratropical cyclone (ETC) trajectories, creating a favorable dynamical environment for extreme MCS precipitation. Furthermore, we discovered that when ETCs and MCSs coincide, they account for more than 90% of extreme precipitation during springtime in the U.S. These multiscale interactions between the planetary‐scale BAM, synoptic‐scale extratropical cyclones, and MCSs manifest as significant regional impacts on extreme precipitation.

中文摘要

摘要 中尺度对流系统（MCSs）是极端降水的重要贡献者，常引发山洪暴发。然而，这些系统受气候自然变率模态影响的程度仍未完全明了。本研究发现，在斜压环形模（BAM）强正位相期间，MCSs引发的极端降水发生频率几乎翻倍。BAM正位相减缓了温带气旋（ETC）路径的纬向平移速度，为极端MCS降水创造了有利的动力环境。此外，我们发现当ETCs与MCSs同时出现时，它们在美国春季极端降水中占比超过90%。行星尺度BAM、天气尺度温带气旋与MCSs之间的这些多尺度相互作用，对极端降水产生了显著的区域性影响。

15. GRL — Drag‐Controlled Regime Transitions in the Eddy Saturation Mechanism of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current

Abstract

Abstract Eddy saturation—the weak sensitivity of Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) transport to wind stress—is a fundamental feature of Southern Ocean dynamics, yet the processes that maintain this state remain debated. Previous studies have proposed different mechanisms, including adjustments of eddies and standing meanders, but the conditions under which each mechanism dominates are unclear. Here we use an idealized reentrant channel model to examine how drag strength controls the eddy saturation. When the wind strength relative to friction is below a certain threshold, eddy saturation is governed by a combination of standing meander and eddy adjustments; once the threshold is exceeded, it is governed solely by standing meander adjustment. These results suggest that changes in drag coefficient may account for the divergent eddy saturation mechanisms reported across studies.

中文摘要

摘要 涡旋饱和——南极绕极流（ACC）输运对风应力的弱敏感性——是南大洋动力学的一个基本特征，然而维持这一状态的过程仍存在争议。已有研究提出了不同机制，包括涡旋和定常弯曲的调整，但每种机制主导的条件尚不明确。本文使用理想化再入通道模式，研究阻力强度如何控制涡旋饱和。当相对于摩擦的风强度低于某一阈值时，涡旋饱和由定常弯曲和涡旋调整共同控制；一旦超过该阈值，则仅由定常弯曲调整控制。这些结果表明，阻力系数的变化可能解释了不同研究中报道的涡旋饱和机制的差异。

16. JC — Lifecycle-Resolved Responses of Sea Surface Temperature to Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific

Abstract

Abstract Sea surface temperature (SST) responses induced by tropical cyclones (TCs) represent important ocean feedback that modulates subsequent TC development, yet their evolution relative to TC lifecycle remains insufficiently quantified. Most previous studies examine SST responses using fixed temporal windows or intensity-centered snapshots, which obscure the continuous evolution of ocean responses along the TC track. Here we investigate the lifecycle-resolved SST responses to 461 TCs (2002–2024) over the western North Pacific using satellite observations and a normalized track-relative projection. Normalizing lifespans to a unit coordinate enables consistent SST evolution comparisons across TCs with diverse durations and translation characteristics. Composite analyses reveal a robust and systematic cold wake evolution across four TC groups categorized by intensities and translation directions. Maximum SST cooling consistently lags the TC center by 10–16% of the normalized lifecycle. Stronger and northward-moving TCs generate larger cooling magnitudes and more compact cold wakes, whereas westward-moving TCs produce weaker cooling patterns. Sensitivity analyses further show that the cooling magnitude is modulated by TC size, translation speed, and season, but the main spatial pattern remains robust. SST cooling also exhibits a persistent right-of-track asymmetry associated with stronger wind stress and inertial ocean responses. The magnitude and structure of the cooling further depend on upper-ocean stratification and surface wave conditions. These results provide a lifecycle-based framework for characterizing TC-induced ocean feedback and improving representation of air-sea coupling in climate models and TC prediction systems under climate change scenarios.

中文摘要

摘要 海表温度（SST）对热带气旋（TC）的响应是调节后续TC发展的重要海洋反馈机制，然而其相对于TC生命周期的演变尚未得到充分量化。以往多数研究采用固定时间窗口或基于强度中心的快照方式来考察SST响应，这掩盖了沿TC路径海洋响应的连续演变过程。本研究利用卫星观测数据和归一化路径相对投影方法，调查了2002–2024年间西北太平洋461个TC的生命周期解析SST响应。将生命周期归一化为单位坐标，使得不同持续时间和移动特征的TC之间的SST演变比较具有一致性。合成分析揭示了按强度和移动方向划分的四类TC组中稳健且系统的冷尾流演变特征。最大SST降温始终滞后于TC中心，滞后幅度为归一化生命周期的10%–16%。较强且向北移动的TC产生更大的降温幅度和更紧凑的冷尾流，而向西移动的TC则产生较弱的降温模式。敏感性分析进一步表明，降温幅度受TC尺度、移动速度和季节的调制，但主要空间格局保持稳健。SST降温还表现出持续的路径右侧不对称性，这与更强的风应力和惯性海洋响应有关。降温的幅度和结构进一步依赖于上层海洋层结和海浪条件。这些结果为表征TC引起的海洋反馈提供了基于生命周期的框架，并有助于在气候变化情景下改进气候模式和TC预测系统中的海气耦合表征。

17. GRL — Assessing the Impact of Sea Surface Temperature Biases in CMIP6 Coupled Models on the North Pacific Westerly Jet

Abstract

Abstract This study investigates the impact of sea surface temperature (SST) biases on the latitude of the climatological North Pacific westerly jet using multi‐model analyses and atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) sensitivity experiments. A comparison of atmospheric‐only and coupled simulations from 35 models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) for 1985–2014 reveals a robust southward shift of the jet in the coupled simulations, identified in 34 models. Sensitivity experiments with an AGCM demonstrate that the jet latitude differences between atmospheric‐only and coupled simulations can be reproduced by imposing annual‐mean SST biases. Further analysis shows that the cold SST bias over the western North Pacific subtropical gyre dominates the jet response. Reduced atmospheric baroclinicity associated with weakened meridional temperature gradients suppresses eddy activity, favoring a southward jet shift.

中文摘要

摘要 本研究利用多模式分析和大气环流模式（AGCM）敏感性试验，探讨了海表温度（SST）偏差对气候态北太平洋西风急流纬度的影响。对参与第六次耦合模式比较计划（CMIP6）的35个模式在1985—2014年期间的大气-only和耦合模拟进行比较，发现耦合模拟中急流一致南移，这一现象在34个模式中得到确认。AGCM敏感性试验表明，通过施加年平均SST偏差，可以重现大气-only与耦合模拟之间的急流纬度差异。进一步分析显示，西北太平洋副热带环流区的冷SST偏差主导了急流响应。与经向温度梯度减弱相关的斜压性降低抑制了涡旋活动，有利于急流向南移动。

18. GRL — Global Improvement of Tropical Cyclone Representation Enhances Hindcasts of Extreme Sea Levels Over 68 Years

Abstract

Abstract The underrepresentation of tropical cyclones (TCs) in state‐of‐the‐art atmospheric reanalyses such as ERA5 is well known, yet their impact on global hindcasts of extreme sea levels remains largely unaddressed. We show that weak TC signals in ERA5 cause severe underestimation, and in some cases near omission, of TC‐induced storm surges. To address this limitation, we leverage recent advances in TC observations and parametric modeling to improve TC representation in ERA5 surface winds and pressure fields, producing a 68‐year global sea level hindcast. The hindcast shows consistent improvements in TC‐induced surges of ∼25% globally, with improvements also extending to areas north of 44°N. The largest gains (∼40%) occur around Australia, where individual surge underestimation is reduced by up to 1.6 m. These improvements translate into more reliable return period estimates at tide gauges and substantial changes in estimated return periods across TC‐prone regions, with important implications for coastal flood risk assessment.

中文摘要

摘要 众所周知，热带气旋（TC）在诸如ERA5等最先进的大气再分析资料中的代表性不足，然而其对全球极端海平面后报的影响在很大程度上仍未得到解决。我们表明，ERA5中微弱的TC信号导致对TC引发的风暴潮的严重低估，在某些情况下甚至近乎遗漏。为解决这一局限，我们利用TC观测和参数化建模的最新进展，改进ERA5海面风场和气压场中TC的表征，从而生成了一份68年的全球海平面后报。该后报显示，全球范围内TC引发的风暴潮改善幅度一致约为25%，且改善范围延伸至北纬44°以北地区。最大的增益（约40%）出现在澳大利亚周边，其中个别风暴潮低估幅度减少了高达1.6米。这些改善转化为验潮站处更可靠的重现期估计，并在易受TC影响的地区带来重现期估计的显著变化，对沿海洪水风险评估具有重要意义。

19. GRL — Observation of Yanai Wave Excitation by Tropical Instability Waves in the Equatorial Pacific

  • 作者：Arachaporn Anutaliya, Caitlin B. Whalen, Gunnar Voet, Anna‐Lena Deppenmeier, Amy F. Waterhouse, Caique Dias Luko, Arnaud Le Boyer
  • 发表日期：2026-08-28
  • DOI：https://doi.org/10.1029/2026gl124052

Abstract

Abstract Yanai waves are observed in the central equatorial Pacific at 436–864 m depth, below the Equatorial Undercurrent. Applying maximum likelihood estimation to shipboard ADCP measurements enables identification of Yanai wave signals from irregularly sampled observations. Ray tracing links the observed wave to a tropical instability wave (TIW) passage ∼20° west of the survey site and ∼49 days earlier, where meridional velocity and sea surface temperature exhibit consistent variability with the Yanai wave. The influence of meridional wind on Yanai wave generation is unlikely due to the winds’ high frequency and small amplitude. The estimated downward energy flux of Yanai wave (1.4 mW ) represents 14%–23% of the barotropic energy conversion sustaining TIWs at the equator. These results provide observational evidence linking a TIW passage to the observed subsurface Yanai wave and suggest that Yanai waves provide an important pathway for TIW energy dissipation and vertical energy redistribution.

中文摘要

摘要 在赤道潜流下方的中太平洋赤道区域，于436–864米深度观测到了亚内波。通过将最大似然估计应用于船载ADCP测量，能够从非规则采样的观测中识别出亚内波信号。射线追踪将观测到的波与调查地点以西约20°、约49天前的一次热带不稳定波（TIW）通过事件联系起来，其中经向速度和海表温度表现出与亚内波一致的变异性。经向风对亚内波生成的影响可能性不大，因为风的频率较高且振幅较小。亚内波向下的能量通量估计为1.4毫瓦，占赤道处维持TIW的正压能量转换的14%–23%。这些结果提供了观测证据，将TIW通过事件与观测到的次表层亚内波联系起来，并表明亚内波为TIW能量耗散和垂直能量再分配提供了重要途径。

20. GRL — Decadal Reversal of Eurasian Winter Temperature Trend Linked to North Atlantic Climate Variability

Abstract

Abstract The long‐term trend of Eurasian winter surface air temperature has undergone a distinct decadal change, shifting from a pronounced cooling trend between the late 1980s and late 2000s to a subsequent warming trend. This study demonstrates that this trend reversal is partly driven by decadal changes in North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST). During the Eurasian cooling period, a weakening of SST gradient across the subpolar North Atlantic induced a significant upper‐level convergence over the Greenland–Norwegian Sea. This convergence has likely triggered downstream Rossby waves which facilitate the observed Eurasian cooling—a mechanism further validated by nonlinear stationary wave model experiments. The recent transition to a warming trend coincides with a strengthened North Atlantic SST gradient alongside accelerated anthropogenic warming. These results highlight the critical role of North Atlantic climate variability in shaping Eurasian winter surface climate variability.

中文摘要

摘要 欧亚大陆冬季地表气温的长期趋势经历了显著的年代际变化，从1980年代末至2000年代末的明显降温趋势转变为随后的增温趋势。本研究表明，这一趋势逆转部分由北大西洋海表温度（SST）的年代际变化所驱动。在欧亚降温期间，副极地北大西洋海表温度梯度的减弱引发了格陵兰-挪威海区域上层显著的气流辐合。这种辐合可能触发了下游罗斯贝波，从而促进了观测到的欧亚降温——这一机制进一步通过非线性 stationary wave 模式实验得到验证。近期向增温趋势的转变与北大西洋海表温度梯度的增强以及人为增暖的加速相吻合。这些结果凸显了北大西洋气候变率在塑造欧亚冬季地表气候变率中的关键作用。

21. GRL — Dynamic Responses of Groundwater Flow and Salt Transport to Storm Surge Inundation in Unconfined Coastal Aquifers

Abstract

Abstract Storm surges severely salinize coastal aquifers, yet post‐storm subsurface hydrodynamics remain poorly understood. We investigated surge inundation in unconfined tidal aquifers, revealing that subsurface flow recovers much faster than salinity distributions. Immediately post‐storm, submarine groundwater discharge rapidly increases to greatly exceed the pre‐storm level under extreme surge scenarios. Concurrently, downward surge infiltration creates a transient hydraulic barrier, forcing the saltwater wedge to temporarily retreat seaward, depending on surge height. Furthermore, we reveal the upper saline plume overshoot effect, as infiltrated storm water continues to migrate downward and seaward. This overshoot is exacerbated in micro‐tidal, low‐permeability aquifers. Understanding these asynchronous responses is critical for predicting groundwater quality and managing coastal resources under intensifying storm events.

中文摘要

摘要 风暴潮会严重导致沿海含水层盐碱化，然而风暴后的地下水文动力学仍知之甚少。我们研究了无压潮汐含水层中的风暴潮淹没过程，揭示地下水流恢复速度远快于盐度分布。风暴刚结束后，海底地下水排放迅速增加，在极端风暴情景下远超风暴前水平。同时，向下的风暴潮入渗形成瞬态水力屏障，迫使盐水楔根据风暴潮高度暂时向海退缩。此外，我们揭示了上部盐水羽流的过冲效应，即入渗的暴雨水持续向下和向海迁移。这种过冲在微潮汐、低渗透性含水层中更为加剧。理解这些异步响应对预测地下水质量及在日益增强的风暴事件下管理沿海资源至关重要。

22. Nature Communications — The Labrador Sea as a conduit for AMOC lower-limb transport anomalies on multiple timescales

Abstract

Nature Communications, Published online: 28 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41467-026-77271-z The study shows that, despite the Labrador Sea forming the final leg of the Atlantic overturning circulation’s subpolar ‘relay’, transport changes originating in the Irminger and Iceland basins exert the strongest downstream influence.

中文摘要

《自然·通讯》，在线发表于2026年8月28日；doi:10.1038/s41467-026-77271-z。研究表明，尽管拉布拉多海构成了大西洋经向翻转环流副极地“接力”的最后一环，但源自伊尔明格海盆和冰岛海盆的输运变化对下游的影响最为显著。

23. Communications Earth & Environment — Central Pacific El Niño-driven Pacific–Atlantic teleconnections are an important source of North Atlantic Oscillation predictability

Abstract

Communications Earth & Environment, Published online: 27 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s43247-026-03978-y More frequent Central Pacific El Niño events may provide more favorable conditions for the Aleutian sea surface temperature and North Atlantic Oscillation teleconnection, according to analyses of reanalysis data and multi-model hindcasts.

中文摘要

《通讯-地球与环境》，在线发表：2026年8月27日；doi:10.1038/s43247-026-03978-y 根据再分析资料和多模式后报分析，更频繁的中太平洋厄尔尼诺事件可能为阿留申海表温度与北大西洋涛动遥相关提供更有利的条件。

24. Communications Earth & Environment — Water mass heaving enhances subsurface marine heatwaves in the South China Sea monsoon region

Abstract

Communications Earth & Environment, Published online: 27 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s43247-026-03933-x Vertical heat advection linked to water-mass heaving dominates subsurface warming in the South China Sea, according to analyses of reanalysis products and in situ observations

中文摘要

《通讯-地球与环境》，在线发表：2026年8月27日；doi:10.1038/s43247-026-03933-x 根据再分析产品和现场观测资料的分析，与水团升降相关的垂直热量平流主导了南海次表层增暖。

边缘相关条目

命中物理海洋学关键词，但同时涉及其他学科领域，仅供参考。

  • Ocean Modelling — Future directions in oil spill modeling（DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2026.102806）
    • 命中: [核心期刊], entrainment
    • 排除: oil spill
  • JGR: Oceans — Observations of a Tilted, Dual‐Core Anticyclonic Eddy With Asymmetric Dynamics in the Eastern South Pacific（DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2025jc023805）
    • 命中: [核心期刊], thermohaline, mesoscale, eddy, eddies
    • 排除: seismic
  • JGR: Oceans — Phytoplankton Distribution Across an Anticyclonic Eddy in the Gulf of Mexico（DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2026jc024343）
    • 命中: [核心期刊], mesoscale, eddy, eddies
    • 排除: phytoplankton
  • JGR: Oceans — Annually Resolved <sup>239,240</sup> Pu and <sup>237</sup> Np Records in a Coral (1947–2007): Transport Timescales and Current Modulation From the Pacific to the South China Sea（DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2026jc024644）
    • 命中: [核心期刊], Kuroshio, ENSO
    • 排除: coral

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